Abstract
Aim
To assess in vitro the effect of two novel phase separated borosilicate glasses (PSBS) in the system SiO2-B2O3-K2O-CaO-Al2O3 on dental pulp cells; and to compare their bioactivity and mechanical properties to a conventional fluoroaluminosilicate glass namely FUJI IX.
Methodology
The cytocompatibility assessment of the two novel borosilicate glasses, one without alumina (PSBS8) and one containing alumina (PSBS16), was performed on cultured primary human pulp cells (hDPCs). Alamar blue assay was used to assess cell metabolic activity and cell morphology was evaluated by confocal imaging. The bioactivity in Stimulated Body Fluid was also evaluated after 1 and 3 weeks of immersion using SEM-EDX analysis. Vickers microhardness and flexural strength were assessed after incorporating the glass particles into a commercial glass ionomer cement liquid containing both polyacrylic and polybasic carboxylic acid.
Results
The data revealed that the two borosilicate glasses enhanced cell viability ratios at all-time points in both direct and indirect contact assays. After 3 days of contact, PSBS8 without alumina showed higher viability rate (152%) compared to the PSBS16 containing alumina (145%) and the conventional glass ionomer particles (117%). EDX analysis confirmed an initial Ca/P ratio of 2.1 for 45S5K and 2.08 for PSBS8 without alumina after 3 weeks of immersion. The cement prepared using PSBS8 showed significantly higher Vickers hardness values (p=0.001) than that prepared using PSBS16 (46.6 vs 36.7 MPa). After 24 hours of maturation, PSBS8 (without alumina) exhibited a flexural strength of 12.9 MPa compared to a value of 16.4 MPa for the commercial control. PSBS8 without alumina had a higher strength than PSBS16 with alumina, after 1 and 7 days of maturation (p=0.001).
Conclusions
The present in vitro results demonstrated that the borosilicate bioactive glass without alumina enhanced pulp cell viability, spreading and acellular bioactivity better than the conventional glass ionomer cement and the experimental borosilicate glass containing alumina.
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