A biomimetic approach to conjugate vitamin B 6 cofactor with the lysozyme cocooned fluorescent AuNCs and its application in turn-on sensing of zinc(II) in environmental and biological samples

Abstract

This communication focusses on the synthesis of red fluorescent lysozyme cocooned gold nanoclusters (Lyso-AuNCs) that have been successfully applied for the selective and specific recognition of the vitamin B₆ cofactor pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP). The red fluorescence of Lyso-AuNCs showed remarkable color change to yellow upon conjugation with PLP due to the formation of a Schiff base between the free –NH₂ present in the lysozyme and the –CHO group of PLP. The developed PLP conjugated Lyso-AuNCs (PLP_Lyso-AuNCs) was applied for the selective turn-on recognition of Zn²⁺ ions in aqueous medium. The yellow fluorescence of PLP_Lyso-AuNCs exhibited significant enhancement at 475 nm in the presence of Zn²⁺ producing bluish-green fluorescence attributed to the complexation-induced aggregation of nanoclusters. The nanoprobe exhibits nanomolar limit of detection for Zn²⁺ ions (39.2 nM) and the practicality of the nanoprobe was validated in various environmental water samples and biological plasma, urine, and beetroot extract, with fairly good recovery percent. Also, the system was successfully implemented for the intracellular detection and monitoring of Zn²⁺ in live HeLa cells.

Graphical abstract

Applications of red emitting lysozyme cocooned gold nanoclusters (Lyso-AuNCs) for the selective recognition of the vitamin B₆ cofactor pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and the conjugated nano-assembly PLP_Lyso-AuNCs for turn-on detection of Zn²⁺ ions in various environmental and biological samples.

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