Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences

From the Editorial Desk Gobichettipalayam Jegatheeswaran Anbuselvan, Thuckanickenpalayam Ragunathan Yoithapprabhunath, Thangavelu Arthiie Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):81-81

Stem cells and their application in dentistry: A review Muraleedhara Bhat, Praveen Shetty, Subramanya Shetty, Faizan A Khan, Shabeeb Rahman, Mallikarjuna Ragher Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):82-84 The use of the term “stem cells” dates back to the 1800s; however, the application of the same is still not completely understood. Recent advances have indicated the harvesting of postnatal stem cells from sources such as the dental pulp and fat. The pluripotent nature of these cells allows for use in various aspects of treatment and patient care such as organ and tissue transplantation, bony defects repair, distraction osteogenesis, cell therapies, gene therapy, and toxicology testing of new drugs. This article explores the various aspects involved, the current status, and future challenges of stem cell therapy in patient care and management.

Application of finite element model in implant dentistry: A systematic review M Sesha Reddy, Rajasekar Sundram, Hossam Abdelatty Eid Abdemagyd Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):85-91 FEM was technologically innovated which initially aimed at answering structural analysis difficulties involving Mechanics, Civil and Aeronautical Engineering. FEM basically stands for a numerical model of analyzing stresses as well as distortions in the form of any agreed geometry. There for the shape is discretized into the so-called ‘finite elements’ coupled through nodes. Accuracy of the results is determined by type, planning and total number of elements used for a particular study model. 3-D FE model was designed for in-depth qualitative examination of the relations amongst implant, tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone. Scholarly work equating work reliability, validated with a 3-D modeling suggested that meticulous data can be acquired with respect to stress distribution in bone. Comparative results from 3-D FEA studies showed that 3D FEA, when matched with in-vivo strain gauge measurements were corresponding with clinical outcomes. The aim of this review of literature is to provide an overview to show the application of FEM in (Short) implant dentistry.

Embracing personalized medicine in dentistry Manchala Sesha Reddy, Shishir Ram Shetty, Venkataramana Vannala Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):92-96 Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the number of articles in the area of personalized medicine specific to dentistry. Materials and Methods: Electronic search using three databases was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus search. Results: Results suggest that there is a definite need for more awareness and research pertaining to this specific area. Conclusion: With this background, the authors have written a comprehensive review on applications of personalized medicine in various branches of dentistry.

Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique for rapid orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review Venkataramana Vannala, Anilkumar Katta, Manchala S Reddy, Shishir R Shetty, Raghavendra M Shetty, Shakeel S Khazi Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):97-106 Aim: The aim of this review was to analyze the data in the available literature regarding aspects of periodontally accelerated orthodontic therapy such as reduction in treatment time, variation in surgical techniques, and patient satisfaction. Materials and Methods: An internet-based search was performed for the articles published between January 2008 and August 2018 using keywords periodontal accelerated orthodontic tooth movement, corticotomy, bone grafting, tooth movement, and treatment duration. A total of 84 articles were obtained from MEDLINE and Embase search engines, of which 31 articles were eligible to be included for the systematic review. Results: On analysis, it was observed that the earlier studies were predominantly pertaining to case reports. In the later part of the decade considered in this review, it was observed that the emphasis was given to clinical and animal studies. Conclusions: Most of the studies included in the review concluded that there was a significant reduction in orthodontic treatment duration using periodontal accelerated techniques compared to conventional orthodontic treatment.

Immunotherapy in oral cancer Sunil Paramel Mohan, Manoj K Bhaskaran, Ashford L George, Abhilash Thirutheri, Maya Somasundaran, Anegh Pavithran Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):107-111 Immunotherapy is one of the newer entities which is promising, at least can be very much helpful as an adjuvant therapy. This newer modality of the treatment in the field of cancer treatment may be the fourth pillar supporting surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Careful selection of patient is the key for success of immunotherapy, which is based on patient’s immunological contexture. This review aimed to present the fundamental aspects of tumor immunity and immunotherapy, focused on oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Monomer modifications of denture base acrylic resin: A systematic review and meta-analysis R Ajay, K Suma, Seyed Asharaf Ali Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):112-125 Background: Methyl methacrylate monomer of denture base resins was modified with several monomers to achieve better physico-mechanical properties without compromising the biocompatibility. However, there are no consensuses on the best strategy to achieve best modified monomer. Purpose: To identify and evaluate the differences in the properties between conventional and modified monomers and to verify the influence of several variables on the properties of denture base acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: This study was executed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. In-vitro studies that investigated the properties of conventional and modified monomers were selected. Searches were carried out in the Ebscohost, PubMed, Semantic scholar and J-stage databases. The search commenced from the year 1995 and the last search was done till November 2018. A comparison was performed between modified and unmodified monomers. The analyses were carried out using fixed-effect models. Results: The meta-analysis results showed high heterogeneity in all aspects, and higher flexural strength for monomers modified with 20% methacrylic acid. Conclusion: Although the articles included in this meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias, the in-vitro literature seems to suggest that use of modified monomers could improve the properties of denture base resins. Other variants of monomer modifications and their tested parameters were discussed in this systematic review as well. Dimensional accuracy is an unexplored variable to be evaluated extensively in the future researches.

Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in periodontal regeneration: A review Sunil Paramel Mohan, Nallusamy Jaishangar, Sandha Devy, Anjhana Narayanan, Deepthi Cherian, Sanupa Sethu Madhavan Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):126-130 Platelet concentrates (PCs; platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin) are autologous bioactive substances that have found varied application in medical and dental fields, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, and sports medicine. The rationale of these technologies is to extract all the elements from patient’s own blood sample, which could be used to improve healing by promoting tissue regeneration. PCs have evolved a long way since its introduction in 1954. PCs have been used successfully in periodontics and implant dentistry. However, the preparation protocol, processing time, transfer of concentrates, centrifugation temperature, vibration, etc., being not standardized are various factors for the mixed results reported in the literature. This review intends to discuss evolution of PCs, their preparation techniques, and their clinical and technical aspects and applications.

Surface modification techniques for zirconia-based bioceramics: A review Suma Karthigeyan, Arun Jaikumar Ravindran, Ramesh T R Bhat, Madhulika Naidu Nageshwarao, Sree Varun Murugesan, Vignesswary Angamuthu Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):131-134 Zirconia is gaining interest as a ceramic biomaterial for implant applications due to its biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties. At present, zirconia-based bioceramics is often seen in the applications of hip replacement and dental implants. This article briefly reviews different surface modification techniques that have been applied to zirconia such as polishing, sandblasting, acid etching, biofunctionalization, coating, laser treatment, and ultraviolet light treatment. The potential of surface modification to make zirconia a successful implant material in the future is highly dependent on the establishment of successful in vitro and in vivo studies. Hence, further effort should be made in order to deepen the understanding of tissue response to implant and tissue regeneration process.

Gingival crevicular fluid: An overview Krishnan Chandragiri Subbarao, Gowri Shankar Nattuthurai, Satheesh Khannaa Sundararajan, Indhu Sujith, Jennifer Joseph, Yasmin Parvin Syedshah Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(6):135-139 Gingival crevicular fluid is an inflammatory exudate derived from the periodontal tissues. It is composed of serum and locally generated materials such as tissue breakdown products, inflammatory mediators, and antibodies directed against dental plaque bacteria. It plays a special part in maintaining the structure of junctional epithelium and the antimicrobial defense of periodontium. Some of the suspected periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola produce broad-spectrum neutral proteinases as part of their virulence arsenal. These proteinases may be detected in plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples of patients with periodontitis. The potential diagnostic importance of gingival fluid was recognized more than six decades ago. The fluid component of gingival crevicular fluid is derived primarily from microvascular (postcapillary venule) leakage. There are number of distinct advantages and challenges of using gingival crevicular fluid as a diagnostic test for periodontal disease.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
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